Sintesis Pendekatan Eklektik Dan Model Kontekstual Dalam Kurikulum Pendidikan Dasar Berbasis Kearifan Lokal: Kajian Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31316/esjurnal.v13i1.4631Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mensintesiskan pendekatan eklektik dan model kontekstual sebagai kerangka kerja komprehensif dalam pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan dasar berbasis kearifan lokal. Metode penelitian menggunakan studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan analisis isi terhadap literatur ilmiah terkait pendekatan eklektik, model kontekstual, kurikulum pendidikan dasar, dan kearifan lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sintesis pendekatan eklektik melalui principled eclecticism dan model kontekstual berbasis konstruktivisme mampu menjembatani dikotomi antara standar nasional dan kebutuhan kontekstual lokal. Implementasinya mencakup desain kurikulum tematik lintas disiplin, strategi pembelajaran kontekstual dengan komponen REACT (Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transferring), dan penilaian autentik yang mengukur kompetensi holistik. Tantangan utama meliputi keterbatasan kompetensi guru, sumber belajar, tuntutan kurikulum nasional, sistem penilaian standar, dan resistensi perubahan. Peluang pengembangan terbuka melalui fleksibilitas Kurikulum Merdeka, teknologi digital, gerakan revitalisasi budaya, dan desentralisasi pendidikan. Implikasi kebijakan mencakup penguatan otonomi kurikulum, investasi pengembangan guru, reformasi sistem penilaian, kolaborasi multi-stakeholder, penguatan muatan lokal, dan sistem insentif berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoretis berupa kerangka konseptual sintesis dua pendekatan dan kontribusi praktis berupa panduan implementasi kurikulum yang menyeimbangkan identitas lokal dengan kompetensi global.
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